Two-factor authentication is also another highly recommended practice that individuals can take to increase their resilience. These examples solely provide an indication of the types of cyber safety measures that individuals can often pursue to enhance their own personal cybersecurity, thus enhancing overall cyber resilience which can partially help to prevent cybercrime. In the context of individual and organisational measures, Coventry, Briggs, Blythe, & Tran (2014) used behavioural insights to advise of ten best practices everyone should know and follow, namely (i) Use strong passwords and manage them securely (ii) Use antivirus software and firewalls (iii) Always run the latest version of software (iv) Log out of sites after you have finished and shut down your computer (v) Use only trusted and secure connections, computers and devices (including Wi-Fi) (vi) Use only trusted and secure, sites and services (vii) Try to avoid scams and phishing (viii) Always opt to provide the minimal amount of personal information needed for any online interaction and keep your identity protected (ix) Be aware of your physical surroundings when online and (x) Report cybercrimes and criminals to the authorities.

Similar to traditional crime prevention, such responses can be broken down into three categories: (1) Raising Awareness (2) Target Hardening and (3) Situational Prevention. The most significant cybercrime trends and threats currently include: (1) Ransomware (2) Other malware threats (3) Data breaches and network attacks (4) Spear-phishing (targeting specific individuals for the purposes of distributing malware or extracting sensitive information) and (5) Attacks against critical infrastructure.Įffective and appropriate policies and practices are needed to help in safeguarding against risk and related harms. The key elements of interest to me, with the wording copied and pasted from the report, are: This is a summary of the 158-page October 2020 report entitled Cybercrime: Current threats and responses prepared by Sheelagh Brady and Caitriona Heinl for the Irish Department of Justice and Equality ( ).

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